I Am The Goddess Of Death - 800 Words

I haven’t witnessed any other devil in any round of peg, except my wife, in my previous experience. But what’s this?! â€Å"Sam! Are you able to catch the sight of anyone in front of my chair?† I asked with a shivering voice. Yeah! It smells a little fishy,† Sam answered. Oh! So, it’s not a devil. It’s just a human being. â€Å"What are you talking?† I questioned her seriously. â€Å"I will explain. But, you must not show any sort of fear.† I boasted, â€Å"Nothing in this world can horrify me. I don’t even have any fear in front of my wife.† â€Å"Tell us. What’s the matter?† Sam asked. â€Å"I am the Goddess of death.† She told. Sam laughed at her like dog, which is suffering from hiccups She smiled and said,† The black , the white , the gray , the short , the†¦show more content†¦If a person comes new, he needs to stand at the end of the queue in your normal queues, but it s not necessary for our queue. They may join at the starting point or in the middle or at the end of the queue. It depends on their lifespan. The anger, not controlling the emotions, chain smoking, too much of alcohol consumption, eating adulterated food, breathing polluted air or, unsafe sex few creatures spoil their own health with these kinds of habits and run fast in the queue towards the door. Software engineers can’t even understand and write an algorithm for this complex logic.† Sam and I are sweating. â€Å"Both of you are almost close to the door. As I told you, today is my birthday. When I took the lottery, I have got your names. Still, you have fourteen trillion four hundred billion nanoseconds of life.† She said and got up from the chair to move. â€Å"So, around fourteen trillion change that we have! It seems lots of years,† I giggled carelessly and sarcastically. â€Å"Bloody fool. Our basic unit of measurement is the nanosecond. Fourteen trillion four hundred billion nanoseconds are four hours,† She said seriously. The smile ran away from my lips. â€Å"So, why don’t you calculate in hours in your world? † Sam tries to lampoon her. â€Å"There is nothing called your world and our world. Everything belongs to the God. Your grandfather,Jerry Parker, his father, John Parker, Johns father, Matthew Parker, his father, Abraham Parker, his father, CharlieShow MoreRelated Female Deception in Hippolytus: The Ruin of Men Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolves the deceit of a goddess as well as two women. In the beginning of the tragedy a very jealous Aphrodite delivers a self-serving justification of her actions as she prepares to punish the virgin Hippolytus. Aphrodites reason for wanting to castigate Hippolytus is really quite selfish. She is extremely angry with him because he has sworn off physical love and he honors Artemis, the goddess of chastity rather than her, Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Scheming AphroditeRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 Pagesimpression that the gods play with and manipulate mortals and each other. One goddess who exemplifies this is the great goddess Athena. This daughter of Zeus impacted everyone that she came across. The character Athena is splashed over Greek works. However, there are specific pieces of Greek literature that tell a great deal about this fiery goddess. This is not a passive goddess. This is an active, involved goddess who, in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, assumes divine leadership and challengesRead More Odysseus: A Hero Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesracks, they pleading to Odysseus, Why not take these cheeses, get them stowed, come back, throw all the pens, and make a run for it? Well drive thekids and lambs aboard. We say put out again on good salt water! Odysseus dismissed the suggestion, I wished to see the cave man, and what he had to offer. Odysseus dismissed the suggestion of his men, and choose to wait to greet the Cyclops with the gifts as in the custom of the Guest/Host relationship rule. Those actions and sayings showed thatRead MoreThe Consequences Of Emotions1465 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstanding why they see emotions as a weakness. They did not know that these emotions may have horrible consequences. For example, the young moon goddess Amaris made a terrible mistake when she showed emotions for a beast. Divyesh, the god of the sun, cared deeply for his younger sister. He worried that one day her emotions would lead to her death. He would always keep an eye on her to make sure she stayed safe. See, the gods live above the Mountain of the Forgotten, there only immortals couldRead More Women as Instigators of Tragedy in the Works of William Shakespeare1219 Words   |  5 Pagespersonified as Diana, the Roman goddess of chastity. In these comedies, the foolish antics of lovers (literally, lunatics) usually occur under the auspices of the chaste goddess, the lovers behaving like hounds about her feet that snap at each other in competition for her bounty. The moon as allegory for the lunacy of romance helps us understand Shakespeares view of romance. In the tragedies, however, the moon can represent many things at once: Diana, the goddess of Chastity; the cyclical natureRead MoreAncient Egyptian Art : A Visual Analysis Of Bastet And The Menat Of Taharqo1267 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysi s of Bastet and the Menat of Taharqo: the King Being Nursed by the Lion-Headed Goddess Bastet The ancient Egyptians are known for their fondness for animals, and the cat was a favorite household companion. Cats were common in ancient Egyptian art that depicted domestic scenes since they were greatly appreciated as killers of rodents, snakes, scorpions, ect. Typically homes with cats had less sickness, and fewer deaths. But beyond these roles, cats were cherished as pets and even worshipped. The ancientRead MoreEssay on Free Will of the Gods in The Odyssey1374 Words   |  6 Pagesany other power known to mortals and even the gods. In the Odyssey, the gods and the mortals defiantly had major issues with each other. The gods and goddesses know they have extreme power and feel the need to prove it as many times as possible. I believe its a whole power trip. However, the little mortals still stay as feisty as they can. As the Odyssey begins, Poseidon has already begun to show his power by intentionally delaying Odysseuss homecoming. For his sake Poseidon,Read MoreMythology : Tales Of Gods And Heroes1672 Words   |  7 Pagesgatherer, who wielded the incredible Thunderbolt. His power alone was greater than that of all the divinities combined. He once told his family â€Å"I am mightiest of all. Make trial that you may know. Fasten a rope of gold to heaven and lay hold, every God, and Goddess. You could not drag down Zeus. But if I wished to drag you down, then I would. The rope I would bind to a pinnacle of Olympus and all would hang in the air, yes, the very earth and the sea too.† (2) Poseidon, also known as Neptune.Read More Divine Intervention: Athenas Role in The Odyssey Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesDivine intervention is often an integral part of ancient epic poetry as seen in Homers The Odyssey. The role of the goddess Athena was an essential part of Odysseuss journey back to Ithaka. Athena also played a vital part in Telemakhoss life before the return of his father. Even Penelope is impacted by the help of the grey-eyed goddess, often inspiring Penelope to hold off the suitors as well as putting her to sleep when a situation became too difficult. Athena demonstrates that she isRead MoreI Am Isis, Goddess Of Motherhood And Love834 Words   |  4 PagesI am Isis, goddess of motherhood and love. 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A Case Study on Hudson Fabricators, Inc. - 989 Words

I. Background Information Hudson Fabricators, Inc. is a small fabrication firm which was founded in 1976. It produces various items such as hoppers, light building steel, conveyors, supports, frames, and platforms for a lot of major companies mostly around central Ohio, and even to different parts across the globe. Hudson Fabricators, Inc. has around 12 to a maximum of 40 full-time employees, depending with production. The company operates in a job-shop environment. Some of their clients are: Marzetti Foods, Rockwell Internations, and Anheuser-Busch. II. Summary of Finding Hudson Fabricators, Inc. only uses materials certified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and ASME has requirements Hudson needs to†¦show more content†¦Josh was given this job in order to help the company grow however he is still new and for the group, he still needs more time and experience in order to fully analyze and understand day-to-day operations of the business so that the implementation plan will be concrete and will slowly help bring up the company. The first alternative for Josh is after the analysis, he must form a department that must look up for key suppliers that would constantly provide them with the necessary materials they require in doing and finishing their jobs. The other alternative is to change the current system in which the company should keep an inventory of finished goods or an inventory of materials. The company may have different sets of clients however the orders that come by in case of some defects, the company may immedia tely replace and fix those which is necessary to be fixed. And keeping a stock of materials may save them lead time from ordering and can save them money through bulk purchasing. V. Detailed Recommendations After a complete analysis of the current system, Josh should be able to deeply understand the operations of the company, he should have been able to determine what constricts the company from earning more and spending less. Josh must look up for suppliers who intend to provide them materials in a long term basis and to provide these materials on time and in proper condition. This

Anthem for Doomed Youth Free Essays

Choose a poem in which you feel there is a significant moment which reveals the central idea of the poem; show how the poet achieves this in an effective way. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. The poet achieves this through many poetic techniques such as depersonalisation and alliteration. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthem for Doomed Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first hint of content of the poem comes in the title, the paradox of ‘Doomed Youth’ implies that it will not be a happy poem but the first line is significant as the central idea of the poem is revealed. â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† The rhetorical question at the very beginning of the poem draws the reader in making them think fully about the ideas carried on through the rest of the poem. From the very start we are aware that the people who are dying are not considered important as the writer refers to the people as ‘those’. Also the depersonalisation as he calls them ‘cattle’ implies that they were thought to be no more than animals. They also lose their own personal identities. ‘Cattle’ also implies that the men do not have voices and needs that anyone else – anyone human – can understand. As a reader I feel that opening the poem with a rhetorical question is very effective. However in the second line of the poem Owen personifies the guns – ‘monstrous anger’ – showing that the guns are worth more and have a louder voice than the men who are dying, which links to the first line as the men were depersonalised. Also Owen uses the word ‘stuttering’ to describe the rifles which could imply that the soldiers are young and nervous referring to ‘youth’ in the title. The reader feels sympathetic towards the young soldiers. Again Owen implies that the soldiers are not seen as individuals by the use of ‘Can patter out their hasty orisons’. By using the word ‘their’ Owen shows how the soldiers were grouped together. This idea is carried on to the next line with ‘No mockeries for them’ as he refers to the men as ‘them.’ The idea of ‘mockeries,’ ‘prayers’, ‘bells’ and ‘mourning’ all are associated with death and funerals, but the repeated use of ‘No’ tells us that no one respected the soldiers enough for a proper burial, it could also imply too many of the soldiers were dying. This also relates to the question at the beginning of the poem. The reader feels angry that the soldiers are not respected in their deaths. Although the second stanza starts the same way as the first stanza – with a rhetorical question – the ideas suggested are different. â€Å"What candle may be held to speed them all?† Unlike the first rhetorical question this implies that there is not anything good or big enough to show respect to all the soldiers who died in the war. This rhetorical question also links the first and second stanzas together as they both start the same way. Also death is portrayed in a more positive light, as the people at home respect the soldiers. This is shown by the ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes’ by the use of the word ‘holy’ the poet shows the reader that the soldiers were respected greatly. Owen also implies that only in death with the torture of war end which makes the reader feel sympathy for the soldiers and anger for the pointless destruction that war causes. In contrast to the treatment of the soldiers in the first stanza the writer tells the reader that the soldiers will be missed as he says about the women at home: â€Å"the pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall;† This shows that they were worried about their husbands, brothers and sons. This is carried through the next line when Owen tells the reader ‘their flowers the tenderness of patient minds’ showing that the war is not only affecting the soldiers but their loved ones who are left behind. This makes the reader sympathetic towards the soldiers and their family and friends. The idea of respect is carried on in the last line as the alliteration of ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds.’ slows down the pace of the words and ‘drawing down of blinds’ symbolises the end of another soldiers life as drawing down blinds was a mark of respect when someone died. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. Through many poetic techniques such as word choice, alliteration and personification the writer effectively creates a moment which the central idea is revealed. How to cite Anthem for Doomed Youth, Papers Anthem For Doomed Youth Free Essays Throughout this poem there is a theme of mourning and funeral. In the first stanza it is almost sarcastic with instruments of war conducting a service on the battlefield for their victims. The guns become ‘passing-bells’ and shells become ‘demented choirs’. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthem For Doomed Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second stanza takes us back home where the true mourners are. The poet speaks of how ‘the holy glimmers of goodbyes’ will shine in the eyes of boys instead of their hands and how ‘the pallor of girls’ brows’ being the ‘pall’ of the dead. The last two lines, for me carry the greatest effect and meaning: ‘Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds’ The first is about the disappointment of people who have worried and waited for a long time and whose pain can only be expressed in small gestures or things such as flowers. The second could be interpreted in many different ways. It could be referring to the custom of drawing down of blinds but it could also be about the end of a life and hope leaving as reality settles. These two lines also delineate the pointlessness of hoping as the dead were ‘doomed’ and predestined for slaughter in the way that ‘cattle’ are in the first place. ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth’ is structured like a sonnet and has a very strong rhyme which never appears to be forced and does not interrupt the meaning of the poetry. Indeed, most things about the structure and choice of language appear to be unforced as they are so well incorporated with one another and only after the second reading does one realise how carefully thought out they are. In the first stanza, there is a large use of onomatopoeia: ‘stuttering’, ‘rattle’, ‘patter’, ‘wailing’. This has the effect of bringing the reader to the battlefield. Wilfred Owen has personified the warfare and made the rifles ‘stutter’ and the shells ‘wail’. He has also made them come to life; guns cannot be angry and neither can shells be ‘mourning’. This forms an image in the first stanza that is slightly ‘demented’ and disturbing. He often repeats vowel sounds and uses alliteration throughout the poem. In ‘the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle’ the ‘a’ sound is repeated along with the alliteration of the ‘t’s. The words of the poem are cleverly chosen to heighten the expression of the poem in the way it is read. For instance, in the quotation about the rifles above, the alliteration he has chosen to make makes the sound interrupted and quickens the pace. This also reminds of the panic and rushing of war. In the final lines the words are not ones that can be said quickly: ‘flowers’, ‘patient’, ‘minds’, ‘slow’, ‘blinds’. This dramatically slows the pace of reading and makes them more expressive because it makes the reader think that the poem also dies with the soldiers or the hopes for the soldiers’ lives. What is interesting is that there are no phrases that bind this poem to the First World War. Of course, it was written about it, but if given to a reader who did not know about Wilfred Owen or his works, they could think it was about any or all wars after the invention of the rifle. The poem does not mention trenches or gas. ‘These who die as cattle’ are not necessarily British, neither are they necessarily of any side in war; they are the collective dead. ‘The guns’ are not our guns or their guns. In the preface for a book of poems he intended to publish, Wilfred Owen wrote ‘My Subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity.’ ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ is unique in that the pity is not only for the soldiers of the First World War, but also for those who suffered the loss of people they loved. It can be raised to a universal level where it comments on the shame and futility of all wars. In his other poetry, there is often blame involved but in this poem he evokes an air of sadness and waste only. There is genius behind the phrasing of it, but it is almost hidden because of its perfection. How to cite Anthem For Doomed Youth, Papers

Mental Health Illness Among the Maori for Film - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMental Health Illness Among the Maori for Film. Answer: Introduction The Maori alludes to the indigenous individuals of New Zealand. Be that as it may, expanded contact with the European people group has either lost or diffused the way of life of these individuals because of expanded urbanizations and social communications. The indigenous Maori individuals are preservationist, polytheistic and mates of workmanship and show which has likewise been traded off by utilization of TV, film and theater innovation. The Maori individuals have been experiencing different intense conditions and emotional sicknesses. These have been affected by different variables, for example, access to quality medicinal services, social monetary difficulties and hazard elements, for example, tranquilize mishandle and other dietary social components. This paper investigates psychological well-being conditions among the Maori individuals and how the indigenous model aides activity to address emotional well-being issues among the Maori individuals. According to Bradley, et al (2015), expanded review on the components affecting wellbeing, causes, signs and indications of ailment and not withholding an investigation into the different techniques for illness exchange, preventive and corrective systems, psychological wellness issue have been seen in numerous Maori individuals living in New Zealand rather than alternate populaces. As expressed before, these factors can be faulted for the measure of riches and the societal position of the general population, physical movement the general population participate in and the general way of life they lead, the body sizes of these individuals and how well they watch nourishing practices. As reported by Leckie and Hughes, (2017), the psychological well-being conditions have been for the most part impacted by the way of life and the political elements of the general population. This serves to declare the way that the conditions are generally common on the indigenous Maori individuals rather than other worker societies. The customary convictions, practices, practices and dispositions of the Maori individuals and their political history of mistreatment particularly with the onset of the Europeans, social rivalry and different variables have intensified the condition of wellbeing of the Maori individuals. However, apparently contemplated by Newton?Howes and Boden, (2015) that the financial shortcoming of the Maori individuals is the fundamental driver of poor mental conditions. Poor financial capacities confine the general population to a terrible eating routine notwithstanding when they have enough data of the dietary necessities. Lack of education is additionally a component that can be ascribed to financial inability of having the capacity to completely teach the group on sound wellbeing examples, for example, way of life and medication utilize challenges. Destitution as proposes Gurung, (2013) has additionally made the administration to be not able provide food viably for the wellbeing needs of the general population and this has for the most part influenced the Maori since they are profoundly established in convention and instinct convictions. The accessible data about emotional sickness and mental issue in the Maori people group express that the suicide rates have expanded among the Maori individuals and the cases of hospitalizations as the general population have at long last received western pharmaceutical. There are however still extremely stunning measurements which clarify that 30% of all grown-up Maori individuals are at danger of getting an emotional well-being test. Having a few mental issue have likewise turned into a typical marvel recognized among indigenous Maori individuals. These disarranges normally go from uneasiness, states of mind and medication related psychological wellness conditions (Shoemaker, et al 2015). Cunningham (2015) clarifies how the conventional convictions about psychological wellness ailments have fluctuated among the Maori individuals. These convictions have run from peculiar and supernatural convictions to natural and mental perspectives. Indeed, among the pre-provincial populaces, it was practically difficult to recognize the distinctive sorts of conditions, for example, craziness and scholarly lack of ability. Notwithstanding, individuals for the most part understood that emotional well-being ailment was related with the financial status of the general population in the general public. Emotional well-being sicknesses don't promptly convey what needs be notwithstanding the Maori individuals. Psychiatric master is required to distinguish and have the capacity to treat these conditions. Therefore, the best approach is to attempt and build up a restorative connection between the clinical officer and the patient (Wurtzburg and Rocchio, 2014). A procedure, verbal screening is additionally an imperative mediation as it tries to make sense of the period the sickness has been a test, a portion of the intercessions that the patient has utilized and other inclining elements, for example, manhandle that may add to general mental issue in individuals. In 1993 the Health and Disability Services Act presented a framework which, not at all like the Area Health Board demonstrates it supplanted, isolated the buying of social insurance and incapacity bolster administrations from the associations that gave these administrations. General wellbeing units are possessed by DHBs (albeit general wellbeing administrations are halfway financed by the Ministry). There are 12 general wellbeing units all through New Zealand, which concentrate on 'center general wellbeing administrations' such as natural wellbeing, transmittable malady control, tobacco control 10 New Zealand Health and Disability Sector Overview what's more, wellbeing advancement programs. Huge numbers of these administrations incorporate a administrative segment performed by statutory officers named under the Wellbeing Act 1956. These officers are utilized by DHBs however are by and by responsible to, and subject to course from, the Director-General of Health. A few offices secure and advance the privileges of shoppers of wellbeing and handicap bolster administrations. The Office of the Health and Disability Commissioner: Te Toihau Hauora, Hauatanga, is in charge of advancing and securing the privileges of customers of wellbeing and handicap bolster benefits as determined in the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights. Health and incapacity purchaser backing administrations: Nga Kaitautoko, works wellbeing and incapacity purchaser backing administrations for individuals who accept there has been a rupture of their rights under the Code of Wellbeing and Disability Services Consumers' Rights. The Office of the Ombudsmen can research any choice or suggestion by a focal or nearby government association that influences any individual or collection of individuals in their own ability. Individuals who accept there has been a rupture of their rights under the Protection Act 1993 can take their protestation to the Office of the Privacy Chief. The Privacy Act 1993 advances 12 data security standards identifying with the accumulation, holding, utilize and revelation of individual data. Consumers of wellbeing and incapacity bolster administrations can likewise whine to the Human Rights Commission on the off chance that they trust they have endured unlawful segregation. Such grievances are sought after under the support of the Human Rights Act 1993. Report by Collier and Friedman (2016), contends that by treating these disarranges, it is important to perceive the social impacts of the Maori individuals. Individuals who did not customarily perceive drug as treatment may see pharmaceutical as an expansion to different methodologies and rather not as the essential treatment course. Lone and singular directing and helpful mediations may not work much for the Maori individuals since their way of life don't concentrate on distinction yet is somewhat worried with the advancement of huge connections. Brunton and McGeorge, (2017) contends that Partnering with Kaupapa Maori specialist co-ops gives a superior ground to wellbeing officers keeping in mind the end goal to be viable in their work. As reported by Ward (2014, June), the comprehension of dysfunctional behaviors has affected the social reactions among contemporary Maori individuals. The pervasiveness rates are remarkably higher with individuals with a low social-monetary status, young people and moderately aged grown-ups and similarly higher with women instead of men. This has impacted the general population to sort psychological wellness issue as social related and this has kept many individuals from looking for medicinal exhortation. This has driven individuals to look for treatment from masters and furthermore perform different customs in an offered to wash down the general population from the emotional sicknesses. As indicated by Saul and Simon, (2016) the legislature of New Zealand, having recognized the test has thought of different resolutions of finding the emotional wellness issue among these individuals. Some of these mediations incorporate the usage and redesign of different activities that react to these mental conditions, for example, stress and wretchedness. The administration has additionally made arrangements to viably convey important social care that does not struggle with the convictions of the general population. This has been seen as exceptionally viable as in it instigates consistence among the very individuals and gives shared endeavors which yield more. The administration has likewise created viable associations between essential care suppliers and perceived psychological well-being consideration suppliers in an offered to enhance the administrations that are offered to the general population and thus enhance the general strength of the general population. An investigation into the general hazard components has additionally provoked the administration to attempt to address these elements instead of the sicknesses so as to avert event of a greater amount of these diseases. According to Gureje et al., (2015), conditions to raise the social-financial status of the Maori individuals have likewise been one of the essential concentrations of the legislature to these conditions since it stays one of the major inclining components. Taking everything into account, psychological wellness can be said to be a risk that has not widely been tended to among the Maori individuals. Close by other intense diseases and nourishment issue because of medication utilize and the way of life conditions, emotional well-being still stays to be a noteworthy danger to individuals living in New Zealand particularly those of the Maori plunge. Connections, social appraisal, convictions and traditions however stays a standout amongst the most imperative temperance that the Maori to have little impact to some extent can be said in their mental conditions. References Collier, S., Friedman, S. H. (2016). Mental illness among women referred for psychiatric services in a New Zealand women's prison.Behavioral sciences the law,34(4), 539-550. Newton?Howes, G., Boden, J. M. (2015). Relation between age of first drinking and mental health and alcohol and drug disorders in adulthood: evidence from a 35?year cohort study.Addiction. Bradley, P., Dunn, S., Lowell, A., Nagel, T. (2015). Acute mental health service delivery to Indigenous women: What is known?.International journal of mental health nursing,24(6), 471-477. Gureje, O., Nortje, G., Makanjuola, V., Oladeji, B. D., Seedat, S., Jenkins, R. (2015). The role of global traditional and complementary systems of medicine in the treatment of mental health disorders.The Lancet Psychiatry,2(2), 168-177. Shoemaker, E. Z., Tully, L. M., Niendam, T. A., Peterson, B. S. (2015). The next big thing in child and adolescent psychiatry: interventions to prevent and intervene early in psychiatric illnesses.Psychiatric Clinics of North America,38(3), 475-494. Ward, T. (2014, June). The theory and practice of critical pedagogy in bicultural community development. Part 1: Theory. Capitalism and community health: An indigenous perspective. InIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CRITICAL EDUCATION Critical Education in the Era of Crisis(p. 833). Saul, J., Simon, W. (2016). Building resilience in families, communities, and organizations: A training program in global mental health and psychosocial support.Family process,55(4), 689-699. Leckie, J., Hughes, F. (2017). Mental Health in the Smaller Pacific States. InMental Health in Asia and the Pacific(pp. 253-272). Springer US. Brunton, W., McGeorge, P. (2017). Grafting and Crafting New Zealands Mental Health Policy. InMental Health in Asia and the Pacific(pp. 273-287). Springer US. Gurung, R. A. (2013).Health psychology: A cultural approach. Cengage Learning. Wurtzburg, S. J., Rocchio, C. C. (2014). Mental Illness and Culture.The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society. Cunningham, C. (2015). Psychosocial factors in healthcare for Maori.Psychosocial Dimensions of Medicine, 208.

Catcher In The Rye-Symbolism Essays - Literary Realism,

Catcher In The Rye-Symbolism Catcher in the Rye Symbolism The Catcher in the Rye, by JD Salinger, is a display of characters and incidents portrayed through the eyes of an adolscent. Holden Caulfield, the main character has been revealed in the first person view in a unique narrative of a teenage boy who forms a transition into adulthood. Holden perceives the world as an evil and corrupt place where there is no purity and that individuals in the world acquire a trait known as phony. Throughout the novel, Holden Caulfield refers to the conditions of the society he lives in and deals with his internal affairs and his extrinsic circumstances. The setting of the book which is varied, brings the reader to the conclusion that it takes place in a psycotherapy session. Knowing this information, allows the reader to understand thiat his story is being stated through Holden's mind, which is essential to know due to the fact that Holden may not provide factual information based on his observations and assumptions towards society. Though Holden opposes against society's phonies, he is in need of compassion and friendship. An example of Holden's need for fellowship is when he says, I sort of miss everybody I told you about. Even old Stradlater and Ackley, for instance. I think I miss even that goddam Maurice. Despite Holden's hatred towards society, he can be considered sane for the reason that he does stand against the false standards and hypocrisy society accepts. Although Holden would probably like to accept the fact that the world is an easeful place, he cannot pretend that his society is worthwhile. Throughout the book, Holden seemed to be lagged behnd in his emotions and his reactions to others. Allie, who is Holden's younger brother died of leukemia at a younger age and has seemed to have forged a large mark in Holden's life emotionally. From the day that Allie died, it was the beginning of Holden's rejection of society and the definite vision of Allie destroyed. Holden wants to connect with Allie and does so by wearing on a red hunting hat which is a connection to his brother's red hair and keeps him dry in the storm. The cap allows him to feel ostracized from society and keeps Allie's memory retained. Asecond form of Allie's connection to him is the catcher's mitt, which is a baseball mitt and a symbol of the title known as the Cathcher in the Rye. The catcher's mitt can signify that Allie is Holden's catcher, keeping him safe. Though Holden looks back over the loss of his brother Allie, it seems that Salinger has brought back the characteristics and qualities into a sibling of Holden's known as Phoebe. Holden now knows that he must become the catcher in the rye. He feels that he has a responsibility upon saving the children from falling off the cliff and into losing their innocence. Holden wants to protect the vulnerable and from being corrupted by society as they grow up. Holden views himself as vulnerable at times too, when he look at the ducks and thinks about himself that he has no direction in life and that it should remain constant. Though Holden appears to be attempting his unusual task as being the catcher in the rye, he understands that his dream is unrealistic. When Holden is watching his sister, Phoebe, on the carrousel, he understands accepts the reality of life. He observes Phoebe, on the carrousel whoch is adulthood and considers the horse as faith, hope and love and finally the gold ring which is the end of the cliff, to which the closer ypu get, the closer you fall. According to the novel, I thought that the ending was ironic because Caulfield wanted to be the catcher but he was the one really falling. This is implied to when he feels like he's stepping into oblivion every time he steps off of a curb near the end. His sister catches him symbolically by showing him how how much she loved him when she shows up at the museum with her suitcase. He knows that he cannot take her with him out West, but he cannot walk away from her either. Eventually, Holden does go home.

Can You Take the SAT in College

Can You Take the SAT in College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For many students, the SAT is one of the biggest stressors to comeup during high school. Few anticipate, though, that it may still be a concern during college. Occasionally, however,you might find that you need new SATscores after high school. So can you take the SAT in college? Yes, you absolutely can. There is no regulation that forbids it. In fact, the College Board's website specifically discusses non-high school testers. This article will discuss why you might need to take the test as a college student and coversome solid information about that process- and what makes it both unique and challenging. 2 Common Reasons to Take the SAT in College The SAT isn't a ton of fun. Why would yousubject yourselfto it when you're already in college? Well, actually, there are a few reasons youmay need to take the SAT in college. Applying for Jobs or Scholarships More and more job applications are requiring test scores, and there are scholarships out there for people who score within a certain range. Usually, high school scores serve for these purposes, but not everyone takes the test in high school. Thus, aneed to take the test later arises. It's important torealize that every company and every organization is different. You must adhere to the policies ofthese individual companies and organizations if you want them to take you seriously. Do your research, and, if you can't find the answer on the internet, make sure you call or email for clarification. The hope is that you'll get a message like this the moment a companysee your scores. Transferring Schools The most commonreason that you may need to take the SAT in college is if you are seeking to transfer schools. It's immensely importantfor anyone thinking about transferring to do research into the specific requirements of the school in question. A good place to start would be to read our complete guide to how test scores play into a transfer. Many schools require test scores from potential transfers. Some have different requirementsif you transfer in your first or second year versusif you transfer later on. This is very specific to the school. Some schools recommend including test scores under certain circumstances, but not others- this is often related to how soon after high school you began your college career. Some schools ask for test scores but permit exceptions for those who never took the SAT in high school or for whom taking the SAT now would be unduly difficult. Still other schools are test-optional or test-blind. In other words, they don't require scores. At test-optional schools, you can send scores if you wish, and at test-blind schools, your scoreswill not be considered under any circumstance. This applies to both transfer students and applicants goinginto college for the first time. It may be worthwhile to read our complete guide on the topic. All this goes to show that colleges are all a little bit different. Know the policy of the school you're applying to. The first place to check for this information is on the college's website. Many have a special page covering transfers, which you can find through the admissions or application page. If you can't find the specifics you're looking for on the website, though, there's nothing wrong with emailing a contact person at the school for clarification. Ideally, you should write to someone in the admissions department (as listed on the college's website). Failing that, though, give the college a call- a phone number for their offices should definitely be listed. Yes, that's right: make a real, old-fashioned phone call. Logistics of Taking the SAT in College There are quite a few hoops to jump through when it comes to taking the test, regardless of whether you're in high school or college. It's important to know what you're getting into. How to Register You can register online or by mail. This will involve answering a number of questions about basic personal information, courses taken, etc., as well as submitting a photograph of yourself. It's a good idea to get familiar with the process before you dive right into it. Where You Can Take It You'll be taking the SAT at one of the same test centers as all the local high school students. When you register online, you can easily search for and select the most convenient option. You may have some options; you may be able to choose a location such as a local university or communitycollege campus. Regardless, you will be taking the test with high school students. Choose the test center where you'll feel most comfortable. What's Different Taking It Now Logistically, the big differences are the more stringent requirements when it comes to identification and the difficulty of getting on the waitlist. You should also note that this is age-based; college students younger than 21 don't need to sweat these differences. If you're 21 years old (or older), a student ID is unacceptable identification on test day. You must bring official, government-issued identification, such as a driver's license or passport. Also, if you're 21 years old (or older), you simply cannot be placed on the waitlist. It's impossible, by the College Board's decree. The moral of the story, then, is to register on time and avoid the issue altogether. Additionally, you should be aware that the SAT recently underwent a complete overhaul. If you're in college now, you likely took the SAT on the 2400-scale (if you did take it). We're now on a 1600-scale. The essay is technically optional, though advisable in most cases. Some content has been redesigned, abandoned, or added.Sentence completion questions, asking you to define vocab with minimal or no context, are gone. Trigonometry, on the other hand, now makes an appearance. The essay no longer asks you to argue an opinion but to analyze a passage. In short, it's not quite the test you may remember. Advice for Testers in College Remember that the SAT tests high school topics, not college topics. Don't be fooled into thinkingthat means it's very basic or somehow below you; itdoesn't necessarily make matters easier. There are likely to be a few fundamental concepts that you've gotten rusty on. This may be especially true depending on your major. If you haven't taken any math classes in college, you may have forgotten certain exponent rules or whether47 is a prime number. In other words, even though the topics may not be college-level,per se, you still need to prepare. C'mon, it won't bethat miserable. 3 Key Tips for SAT Prep in College Once again, I cannot stress enough the importance of taking some time to prepare for this test. #1: Familiarize Yourself With the SAT's Specific Style Oddly enough, the SAT tends to reward pretty literal thinking on reading and writing (don't stray far from what the textactually says), while it rewards fairly creative thinking on math (be prepared to move expressions around into novel configurations). #2: Dust Off Rusty Topics Some of the material on the SAT may feel ancient and unfamiliar. This will not do; you've got to get handy with this content. There are many helpful resources out there, but don't forget that practice makes perfect. From full-length practice tests to individual practice problems, dive into experiencing the content firsthand. #3: Consider Your Schedule and Your Needs For many people, college is a very busy season of life. From gruelingclasses, to vibrant social events, to extracurricular commitments, things tend to move at a fast pace. Nonetheless, you still need to prepare before taking the SAT. So, start your preparationprogram well ahead of the test date. Consult your calendar (and syllabi) before committing to a specific test date. You definitelydon't want to wind up taking the SAT the weekend before/after a major exam or project. You don't want to overbook yourself. Conclusion In this guide, we've covered some basics regarding why to take the SAT in college and how to get that ball rolling. While there are a few definite differences versus taking the test in high school, the fundamentals are basically the same. Logistically, the process is almost identical. You'll be at the same sort of test center, and you'll register the same way. All the same rules and regulations apply, only you will need official government-issued identification and you can't get on the waiting list(depending on your age). You will still need to prepare, just like any high school student. Don't dismiss this step- it's crucial. In fact, give yourself extra time, considering how busy college can get. What's Next? The big question is how to prepare for the test. Remember that it's not quite like it was when you were in high school, and take a peek at our complete guide to studying for the test (revisions and all). If you're shooting for a perfect score, there are a few tips that can really boost your chances- including the simple advice of viewing all questions as analytical. There are some great resources out there, such as those created by the College Board's officiallyendorsed resource, Khan Academy. However, Khan Academy will never be enough- learn why. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Effect of positive feedback on achievement Essay

Effect of positive feedback on achievement - Essay Example The study focuses upon the impact of positive feedback on achievement. This might be best supported by the idea of formative assessment techniques, which help in shaping a student’s learning ability and educational gains acquired by the child during the process of classroom education. Interaction between a teacher and a student is the key to improvement in the effective gains from education accruing to the student. Formative educational techniques entail the diagnostic application of evaluation means where the teacher needs to assess a student based on observations, discussions in the classrooms, homework done by the student, tests and analysis of the work of a student. Taras (2008) notes that much needs to be done in order to understand the recent improvements or changes brought about in the area of assessment in education. Black & William (1998) in their work â€Å"Inside the Black Box† observe that the evaluation system is formative when the feedbacks or information collected by the teachers are utilized in reshaping the teaching and learning process such that the actual requirements are met. These might incorporate some alternative teaching practices, adjustments in the instruction or providing more occasions for practice to the students. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of positive feedback on the achievement of an individual with a focus on the areas of improvement essential for the implementation of formative assessment procedures. In the context of education, assessment plays a very important role. This is especially true in case of children and adolescents. Certain teachers believe that earning involves the transfer of knowledge from the teachers to the learners and understanding can develop later. Others are committed to form a teaching base, which involves interactions. In such an environment formative

The use of cigarettes as an accessory in fashion images Essay

The use of cigarettes as an accessory in fashion images - Essay Example The essay "The use of cigarettes as an accessory in fashion images" discusses the use of cigarettes in the images of fashion. This was done through the clever slogans that were used such as â€Å"There are many reasons to smoke now,† â€Å"We make Virginia Slims especially for women because they are biologically superior to men† and â€Å"You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby.† It was also done through the use of glamorous-looking women and Hollywood stars seen smoking in the advertisements and in newsreels or films. Women wanting to associate themselves with these ideas of desirability, independence or needed a means of gaining better control over their emotions would take to smoking because they were mimicking the activities of the famous people they see through these media representations. To see how this works, it is helpful to examine how cigarettes have appeared in non-cigarette-related advertising and reinforced these ideas. Cigarettes started appearing in a dvertisements early on as a means of emphasizing the self-reliance and desirability of the female individual. Several examples of this can be found in the images collected in Farid Chenoune’s collection of lingerie images Hidden Femininity. One such example is the following image taken in the early 1900s. This black and white vintage photograph depicts a curvaceous woman in a lacy black teddy with high-cut ‘French’ style legs and a low-cut front that blouses mostly open over her chest. This cut emphasizes the curve of her hips and suggests the curves of her breasts.

Effective Legal Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective Legal Study - Essay Example The exchange of ideas can be done online in the course of legal study and research. 1 The purpose of a legal study and research will ensure the students the skills and knowledge required for a barrister. The assistance of IT in learning will enable the law students and researchers to speed up their study. According to Claire of University of West of England, web based guide can enhance the legal research skills in tutoring the law students. The guide must be useful to campus based and distance learners. The use of multimedia to enhance law teaching cannot be ignored. This results in growth of institutional repositories and open access journals will take place expanding the scope of knowledge reach. Every University and Law school can develop a web interactive guide for law students. This can enable not only campus based students to study law but also the distance learners can fulfil their quest for studying the law. This can even help the researchers who research for a particular project or assignment regarding Law. The project officer who monitors the development of interactive guide and its updating must monitor atleast for 2 to 3 days a week. The universities and law schools must consider the lack of budget for enhancing IT skills and web interaction for their students. The lack of budget problems can be addressed by the management and this interaction can make inter university discussion possible. The staff shortages due to lack IT skills must be addressed by the appropriate training for the present staff or by recruiting new staff who are IT savvy. 2 The librarians in the law faculty must be made involved in the development of web interactive guide for law students. This guide must be useful to law practitioners also if it is upgraded in a timely manner. The academic standards will improve if the web interactive guide was upgraded according to the time. The teaching hours can be increased by making teaching possible in leisure hours and holidays by online teaching and interacting methods. The personal contact programmes can be used for advanced research if the lessons and guidance was given online. The assignments correction and receiving can be done online and the evaluation of the student can be done in personal interaction at the end of the module. This type of approach is more sustainable to attract more students and making them successful in their law study and research. 3. Advantages of IT in Law Study and Research The complex nature of legal research can be made simpler by applying search IT skills for the research purposes. This can enhance efficiency and speed of the research. The IT skills and online presentations can address the staffing constraints in Law schools and Universities. The lack of enquiry on law floor can be addressed

Examining different accounting forms within Samsung Electronics

Examining different accounting forms within Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics Company is a part of the Samsung Group which group was first established in 1969 by the founder of Byumg-chull Lee in Dzegu, South Korea. It is a leading electronics equipment of digital manufacturing group of our home alliances such as television, mobile, refrigerator, etc. In 1978, this company established as a international company to launched in the USA market. In 1984, this company built 1st overseas plant in Portugal and in 1984, also expanded a sales marketing in Germany and UK. After 2 years later, the company established a new plant in UK to manufacture microwave ovens, VCR and multi TV. In 1988, this company converted with Samsung Semiconductor Telecommunication Company. Now a day it is the largest electronics company over the world by providing their new technology. In 2009, this company recognized for highest revenue company overall the world and also same year this company celebrated the 40th anniversary. At this moment, it covers 28 percent electron ics equipment of the UK market. Product of Samsung Electronics Company Samsung Electronics Company provides us smart appliance technology and operational efficiency of the electrical grid which appliances are make comfortable of the home life. In earlier period of this company, manufactured only black and white television and after nine years later in 1970s, introduced new products like as refrigerator, washing machines and electronics plants. In 1986, this company built microwave ovens, VCR and color TV in the UK plants. In 2000, was very important for the company because this year its expanded in the global internet with Yahoo and to provide next generation mobile phones and also make a new marketing technology. The company built liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) monitors and next year company developed of two way interactive compliant television sets, cable infrastructure and portable communication equipments by joint adventure with other company. In 2006, introduced with the range of 3G mobiles. After day by day, the company established their new techn ology for the global people such as Laptop, WiMAX technology, Digital Media and Communication (DMC) division, 4 GB DDR3 chip, digital camera, home theater system, Blu-ray, printers, air conditioners, and broadband internet, etc. Competitors of Samsung Electronics Company If Samsung electronics company is the biggest electronics company all over the world but its has many competitors in the market such as Sony Ericson, Apple, Nokia, Philips, Sony, etc., which also deals in the electronics equipment selling as this company. Sony, LG sell also the similar electronics product to Samsung company however its products available in low prize, high configuration and always maintain the quality of service which makes Samsung Electronics Company leading electronics group in the world. Process of the Company Samsung Electronics Company not only sells but also manufacturing of the equipment. Before launching any product they ensure the quality of the product through whole process from getting raw material, production, transportation, usage and end-of life disposal. All of these are adding price, quality, design and function which done for product improvement. Before manufacturing any product, fast maintain the customer choice and all are doing with responsibility. If customer is not satisfied in the product, the company has to ensure the warranty. Policies of Samsung Electronics Company Samsung Electronics Company has policies which follow the rules of regulation very strictly for the organization. These rules of regulation not only for customer but also total group. All policies are maintained by HR manager of the company. The roles are following such as administrative development, services performances, maintain employee, communicate with administrative team, investigating, answering and maintain human resource record. Another main thing is requirement such as analytical, problem solving, oral communication, delegation, management skill, qualifications, and language skills. Review of Management Accounting : Management accounting is an integral part of management concerned with identifying, presenting and interpreting information used for formulating strategy; planning and controlling activities; decision taking; optimizing the use of resources; disclosure to shareholders and others external to the entity; disclosure to employee; safeguarding assets. (Accounting for non-accounting students, by J R Dyson-3rd Edition) Management accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, accumulating, analyzing, preparing, interpreting and communicating information that helps managers to fulfill organizations objectives. ( Charles T. Horgren) Following by the explanation stating of some facts which are necessary of fulfill the nature and role of the management accounting. These are strategic planning, budgeting, financial management and accounting, cost accounting, communication of financial and operating information, financial control, internal audit, and management audit. (Accounting for non-accounting students, by J R Dyson-3rd Edition) If any organization need to increase their business firstly essentials to know about the key techniques of the management accounting because without technique difficult to development of the financial policy. So this company like as Samsung Electronics Company following some techniques which are find out the key revenue indices for measure, reporting structure of management for implantation, analyzing the working process, supplier wages, cost of product gross margin and profitability of the customer; always monitor the cost and volume; implement balanced scorecard and customer value of the management reporting. (www.brillco.net) Techniques and Methods of Management Accounting There are different types of method and technology have which helps us to understand the overall management accounting, some of them are as follows: Activity based costing of management accounting Activity base costing is a method for measuring the activities, cost and performance of the company which based in the ability of the assemble that is based on the natural action of the organization. Activity base costing argues from customary cost accounting facility which apply the activity in actual authority. To count the number amount of the consequence, costing of activities in durations for all fixed and variable of the straight cost. Any manager of the organization can take judgment on the activity based costing number volume for a customer. Job order costing of management accounting Job order costing is a method where is one of many another accounting costing system which uses for monitoring and controlling cost of the business. Job order costing can be calculate by the amount of number in the business is divided by cost of the business. Its method actually used for many industries, for example T-shirt Company. Budgeting for a company One of the most important areas of the management accounting is the budgeting for any kind of business whatever it is a small business or a big business. Budgeting as a company what plan to spend or receive over a specified period of time based on past experience. Any company wants to provide their business planning, co-ordination, communication, motivation, control and performance evaluation by budgeting. For a big company, generally makes a budget for yearly basis and operating budget with past years statement of revenues and expenses but a small company provides a budgeting on monthly bases. Such as Samsung Electronics Company, highlight includes research new technology, development of product, administration activities, expanding and selling differences budgeting. Budgeting in a company has some profits such as requires all kinds of management to framework of future, provides absolute aims for evaluating achievement, makes an fast warning system for potential difficulty and favor s the organization of activities within the business. Budgeting is a challenging position for every organization. There are two kind of budgeting, following as: Periodic budgets: This is characteristically behaved once per budget period- generally once a year for every planning period of a company, this budget may be revising or update latest realistic forecast. Continuous or rolling budgets: Continuous budget as a budget that always ready for a specified future season by adding a season (month, quarter or year) to the period that at the last moment with a fixed planning horizon. Capital investment decision for a company: Another one of the most important of the management accounting is capital investment decision which is made for the major period of time expires between the layouts of the recovery of the investment is known as capital investment decision. The ambition of the capital investment decisions admits appropriation of the companys capital funds most influentially in order to ensure the best return possible. Capital investment decisions are made for short term and long term for the profit of the company. Recommendations to Samsung Electronics Company: Samsung Electronics Company allocates some methodology for the development of the organization where activities based costing is a important implement such as activities, cost and performance. Samsung Electronics Company should follow activities based costing because assigning prices to product and product to services are going on this new technology. Budgeting of these company activities based costing have a good authority on the management accounting policy of the company. There are different types of job order costing system on management and cost accounting. Following this way, Samsung Electronics Company provided as a largest brand overall the world which used for monitoring and controlling cost of the business. Its cost effective, a good design accounting rule must generate advice for a big number of uses. It helps of making special reports such as sales tax, payroll etc., also this company has every one thing in preparing such as over head cost, direct cost and indirect cost. These decisions provide the company and maintain the focus on electronics for example smart phone, chips, etc. At this moment, Samsung Electronics Companys capital investment decision is fixed. Following by this financial policy, Samsung company increases their growth for last 2 years by balance sheet, for example: in 2010 net income increase 65% compare with 2009 and sales up to 13% compare with previous years, which takes a great effect in the financial accounting of the company. Decision also motivate the company in coming information like as Samsung electronics moves Solar battery business which fields are LEDs, medical equipment and hybrid electric car batteries. Budgeting is a very major matter for Samsung Electronics Company; they take a mission for 2020 which will be providing a largest revenue company in the world. So proper budgeting gives an idea to make future planning of the company and feel easy to achieve the goal by monitoring and analyzing previous years expenditure and sell. For example, in 2011 Samsung Electronics Company announces that they invest a fund above $ 26 billion for the next year which will be a new record in their investment. As a result, they celebrate the biggest budget compare with another company. Early in this year, they announced two budget compacts which are PL20 and ES80 cameras where based CCD chips, net, USB-based charging. This creates an overall knowledge among the different departments. Some event of the budget, take a great effect in the financial record. For example; in 2010 in Samsung Mobile Communication took infect where sales cover 23% and operating profit rise 38% compare with last year. As a res ult, it will be influences for the organization such as employee, management, technician, etc., also on the budget. That is why, budget influences customer and can adopt periodic budget. This company cannot provide continuous budgeting for their future development in the global market. Samsung Electronics Company makes planning, co-ordination, communication, motivation, control and performance evaluation by budgeting. SWOT Analysis of Samsung Electronics Company: Samsung Electronics Company is a part of Samsung group which is one of the leading manufacturing technologies of home alliance product in the world. This company specially known as telecommunication, semiconductor, digital media and convergence technologies. This company provides their strength, limitation, opportunities and threats by SWOT analysis. Now a day, this company is the global biggest producer for DRAM, SRAM and flash memory which makes the strong situation of the world brands company and also for the strong competitors. Strengths of the Samsung electronics company: Samsung Electronics Company is strength for different sectors such as semiconductor, telecommunication, digital media of the governing players and DRAM, SRAM, flash memory of the biggest producer of the world market. First position for the television which is 25% and second position for mobile phone which 19% of the global market. In according the robush market position, Samsung Electronics company ranked in the nineteenths place overall the leading 100 brands and only 5th position for the technology. Research and developments is the main concern and customer motivation for the Samsung electronics company. For research and development, this company spent about $ 7 billion in 2010 and $ 6 billion in 2009 and about 42,000 people are working for research overall the world whereas only Korea has 6 and another has 18 research centers in the world. Following by the research and development, this company provided new technologies of home alliance and earns more money. Samsung Electronics Company is well known over the world for the highest electronics equipments compare with the other company. That is why; they announced the prize for revenue of the world market. One of the interested things is that this company provides only two business area such as digital media and telecommunication. Weakness of the Samsung electronics company: An example of product come backs is the first weakness for the Samsung electronics company. In 2009, 160000 phones, key pads and BB14 software were back for some mechanical problem in the US market, it was the fast of the year whereas same year of the last come backed about 1000 watt microwave ovens in the US market and fridge in the south Korean And Chinese market. Both reflected the financial effect of the company and negative effect on the consumer. Mobile phone market in the developing countries was very weak position which is only 3.5% whereas Nokia was 58%. They cannot lead those countries for their prize and working system. Opportunities of the Samsung Electronics Company: The Samsung electronics company has the ability to form strategic alliance in the world market while according the consumer perspective. This reflects the great attitude of the company. In the developing countries where telecommunication market is growing recently. They should to proper use in this countries for example; in 2008 0.8 million people used mobile but in 2009 it reached about 1.2 million in India. Threats of the Samsung Electronics Company: Now a day, global market is open, so to make a position of any company makes sure their completion. In this reason Samsung Electronics Company has more competitive in the business environment, such as Nokia, LG Electronics, Sony, etc., which faces the negative effect in the market of the Samsung Electronics company. Samsung Electronics Company facing the weakening position in the liquid crystal display (LCD) flats in the market. According in 2010, fast quarter sell about 154 million amount and second quarter sell only 157 million amount, day by day decreased the demand that is why these company takes the low prize. This makes the great effect in their financial position.

Caffeine is a Psycoactive Drug Essay -- essays research papers fc

Have you ever been so tired that you’ve dozed off at work? Or tried to stop yourself from falling asleep while you’re driving or even worse – got caught sleeping in class? These instances could have been prevented by doing what 90% of Americans do every day – by consuming CAFFEINE. If anyone here feels you can’t make it though your day without a cup of coffee, you are probably addicted to it (I’ll discuss more on that later). Here’s an interesting fact: both words caffeine and coffee are derived from the Arabic word â€Å"QAHWEH.† The origins of the words reflect the spread of the beverage into Europe through Arabia and Turkey from North-East Africa. Coffee began to be very popular in Europe in the 17th century and today it’s the most popular psychoactive drug in the world. Almost everyone in our society today uses caffeine regularly, in one form or another. According to Jennifer Warner of WebMD Medical News, nearly 90% of adults and 76% of children drink some kind of caffeinated beverage every day. More than half of all American adults consume more than 3 cups of coffee. Also, a 1994 survey by the Agriculture Department found that on average, 64 gallons of soda are consumed by children and teenagers every year. Researchers have found that soft drinks have surpassed tea as the second leading source of caffeine for adults while being the top source of caffeine for children. People are not only getting their caffeine from coffee, soda and tea, but from other sources such as energy beverages, caffeinated water, herbal supplements and chocolate. You may not realize how much caffeine you are consuming on a daily basis because caffeine is not listed as an ingredient on the food or drink label, and the Nutrition Facts label does not show how much caffeine is i n the product. In addition, beverages marketed as high-energy drinks may contain more than one type of caffeine extract, and in herbal sources, caffeine may not be listed as an active ingredient. So you can see why half of American adults consume more than 300mg of caffeine per day. All you need to consume to get that amount are just 2 mugs of coffee and a couple of cookies. If you sit down and calculate your caffeine consumption during a typical day, you may be surprised. Many people consume a gram or more of caffeine every day and don’t even realize it. Now that the widespread u... ...nd the globe, is a mild drug stimulant, has the potential to become addicting and gives people the opportunity to be social. The bottom line is that caffeine is the most widely accepted and legal way to get that all important energy boost. So, the next time you down that can of Red Bull or take that last sip of cappuccino from Starbucks, take comfort in the fact that you’re getting your fix legally Works Cited †¢ Bealer, Bonnie K., and Bennet A. Weinberg. The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug. New York: Routledge, 2002. 208-212. †¢ Centre College. "Students get a Caffeine and Culture Boost." Yubanet.com 14 Feb. 2005. . †¢ Gordon M. Wardlaw. Contemporary Nutrition: Issues & Insights. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. P 556. †¢ HSW Media Network. â€Å"How Caffeine Works.† HowStuffWorks.com. 28 Dec. 2004. . †¢ Jennifer Warner. â€Å"Caffeine Sources Shifting† CBSNEWS.com 28 Dec. 2004. WebMD Inc. . †¢ T.R. Reid. "Caffeine." Nationalgeographic.com. June 2000. .

Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay

It is beneficial for a business to collect a variety of data to gain an understating of its performance to satisfy compliance legislation. However the information collected needs to be useful, relevant and selective. Raw data collected can be converted into useful information. It is important for human resources (HR) to collect data to meet legal requirements, keep necessary contact details of employees, records all contractual arrangements and to provide supporting information in the event of a claim that may be made against an organisation. It also supports an organisation when making decisions. Data can be collected in two different types of formats within an organisation. These are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative is data collected numerically which allows for data to be measured and calculated. Quantitative is a descriptive method of collecting data. This type of data can be observed but not measured. These two different types of data support HR practices in a number of different ways, such as, showing patterns of absence relating to employees, highlighting any learning and development requirements that an individual may require, trends’ in staff turnover and key performance indicators. Customer feedback can also be obtained to allow a business to improve it services and costs can also be easily monitored. HR data can be stored by a number of different methods each having advantages and disadvantages. Data can be stored electronically and non-electronically. Storing data electronically can be beneficial as it is easy to access, can be shared easily and takes up less space. Online HR systems are available to employees where data and information can be added and updated by an individual and also can be accessed by one or more people such as line managers. This is useful for appraisals and monitoring performance. Storing data electronically through databases is also more secure than manual documents. Sorting data manually such as diaries, word processing documents and paper based surveys also has its benefits as it can be more cost effective to a business and cannot be easily lost where electronic data could be. Also employees require less training to store and organise manual data. There is an array of different UK legislations currently enforced relating to data and legislation is in place to enforce correct storing, recording and accessibility of data. One of these UK legislations are The Data Protection Act, The information commissioner has produced a code of conduct relating to the data protection act. This applies to personal data held and the legitimate grounds for this being held, which information is classed as sensitive and cannot be gathered without explicit permission. Another type of current UK legislation is the Human Rights act. This confers the right of respect of privacy on individuals and provides for employees in the public sector to take legal actions against their employer of they consider their rights infringed.

The amazing six sense essays

The amazing six sense essays The 1999 movie, The Sixth Sense, both written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan, with its amazing final twist, is one of the best thrillers ever made. Bruce Willis and 10-year-old Haley Joel Osment make an incredible connection that is rarely seen in other movies. It is to Willis credit to allow the little boy to shine in virtually every scene. Bruce Willis plays Dr. Malcolm Crowe, a well-known child psychologist who is living a happy life with his understanding wife (Ollivia Williams). One night a man breaks into their house and claims to be a former patient of Malcolms. He reminds Malcolm that he was always scared and Malcolm failed to help him. He fires a gun at Dr. Crowe and then shoots himself in the head. A few months pass, and Malcolm recovers. But he is not the same person that he used to be. His career is turning into a failure and his marriage seems to be falling apart. Meanwhile, he takes an interest in the case of Cole Sear (Haley Joel Osment), an 8-year-old boy whose case is a lot like the former patient who shot him. Cole suffers from a mood disorder and spends a lot of his time alone at church. He is called a freak by his classmates at school. Cole asks Dr. Crowe to help him not to be scared. His divorced mom (Toni Collete) often notices scratches on Coles body. Malcolm spends a lot of his time with Cole and tries very hard to help him. Finally, Cole decides to tell Malcolm his secret. He can see the dead. They often come to him and sometimes physically hurt him. But in order to better understand Coles case, Malcolm goes back to study the case of his former patient. What he finds out, and the final twist of the story are things that should be kept secret for people who have yet to see the amazing The Sixth Sense. The Sixth Sense is the movie thats worth sticking with, writes Jay Carr in Boston Globe. He states that everything remains unc ...

Coveys Habits essays

Covey's Habits essays Proactive. Covey tells us how we should be taking more initiative and control of our lives. We are the only ones that have control over our lives. Covey uses the story of Victor Frankl to explain the total control we have to shape our own thoughts and feelings. Victor was a Jew held in a German death camp during the second World War. Victor realized that even though the Germans had control of the environment that he was in and the ability to kill him at anytime, he could still have control of his thoughts and feelings. Victor could project himself into other places that he found comforting. By doing this, he would almost forget about where he was. His attitude changed and helped encourage hundreds of other people around him. Highly effective people understand and use this ability that everyone possesses. We need to take control of our selves and realize that we can shape our thoughts. By being proactive we are not as prone to have our environment shape the way we think or feel. Non-p roactive people tend to be emotional butterflies: when people treat them well, they feel well; when people dont, they become defensive or protective . . . allowing the weaknesses of people to control them. People who are proactive take more initiative then their counterparts do. In order to be a more effective person, you must first have initiative. You take control over yourself. You dont let people walk over you, creating benefit for themselves and destruction for you. Being proactive seems like one of the most important and fundamental attitudes one can have. It is the corner stone to other important aspects of a person. This is a theory I plan on using in my life. As a Masters student, and a soon to be counselor, control over your outlook can make or break you. For myself, I am working 30 hours a week, married, and trying to keep my grades the best they can be. I find it easy to feel overwhelmed with all these things. Having the...

Argument Paper Assignment (frankenstein by mary shelley, penguin Essay

Argument Paper Assignment (frankenstein by mary shelley, penguin classic) - Essay Example He tries to understand masculinity, science, medicine, and surgery. According to Enderle and Shelly (233), he precisely explores the internal conflicts felt by practitioners in a variety of field. He reveals his urge to explore throughout the novel, always trying to discover a new life. In his effort to explore, he comes out to be unstable since he changes from time to time and a person with a lot of uncertainty. This also makes him ambiguous and very difficult to understand due to the way he behave and react towards nature and other people. In most cases, Frankenstein was learning from nature, mainly through observing what is going on around him and through what he experienced. By watching firewood next to the fire, he learns that it dries out and catches fire. Only a model human being who is concerned about nature and what is around him can do this. Moreover, by observing how other people react towards him, he learns that his appearance causes fear among other people (Joshua 47). He had made nature to be his teacher relying mainly from what he can sense and what he can observe as his source of knowledge (Enderle and Shelly 34). He does this to learn both about people and about the environment. However, he does not perceive that the knowledge he obtains might be inaccurate or inappropriate. Frankenstein had an ardent curiosity and a strong desire to excel and triumph in his undertakings. This can be shown by his dedication and determination to understand the relationship between human beings and their environment (Enderle and Shelly 53). He always tries to learn from everything he observes and everything he senses. He has a strong curiosity to understand what is happening in the world among different practitioners and nature. This can be clearly shown by his desire to understand the internal conflicts in different practitioners and his desire to understand science (Enderle and Shelly 36). He tries to understand how character can be formed

Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example The competitors were using television advertisements to reach their customers, which was not effective because it was expensive. Wal-Mart obtained time in the television to display their products and to feature them at the low prices that make them very reputable (Soderquist, 2005). This worked because the customers knew the whole range of products and their prices when going to shop in Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is very popular amongst the low and middle-class income earners. Wal-Mart targets the blue collar and the middle class shoppers who are not used to frequenting the big malls (Soderquist, 2005). This is because of the low prices that they offer to this group of people. Wal-Mart has opened up many outlets including in areas that are normally ignored by other retailers. It is also estimated that approximately quarter of those who frequent Wal-Mart do not have credit cards and are limited to using cash. This is a clear indication that most of the customers who frequent Wal-Mart are the low and middle-income earners. Wal-Mart is also the biggest shopping entity with more than 4,000 stores worldwide, which is twice more than the next competitors have. Wal-Mart, therefore, targets the people with limited financial abilities and those in remote areas whereas most of the competition seeks to impress the upper class members of the society (Blanchard, 2005). What image do they want to convey? Wal-Mart intends to show that it is possible to sell goods cheaply by reducing the costs of production. How do they attempt to position themselves in the minds of consumers in the market? Wal-Mart has positioned itself as the leading retailer in the industry. The low prices that they offer to consumers and ease of accessibility to the consumers are the factors that have made them to be the biggest retailer worldwide. What is their current image in the industry and in the minds of consumers? Most of the consumers

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics Term Paper

Intellectuals and Revolutionary Politics - Term Paper Example Even though telling the half of the story, this description is perhaps among the most comprehensive ones, shedding light on such a contradictory personality and intellectual path. Another part is told by Sorel’s own ideas expressed in his writings which to one degree or another reveal his preoccupation with themes like integration and disintegration, decadence, rebirth, and decline; as well as his deepest sentiments – the aggressive and overwhelming pessimism and his strong desire of deliverance. His notion of pessimism - as a notion of an advance toward deliverance, closely connected to the knowledge gained from experience of the obstacles resisting the satisfaction of human’s imagination and to the deep conviction of human beings’ natural weakness - perhaps most powerfully reveals the breadth and width of his meandering soul (Sorel, G. 192- 226) Sorel regards pain and suffering as instrumental in riveting human beings to life, and scorns those who promis e easy solutions and rapid improvement, assuming that the natural tendency toward dissolution and decay is a universal law (Talmon, J. L. 453-454). Having embraced the theory of Marx by the early 1890s, George Sorel added some flesh to the confused blur of his ideas; the universal sinner and perpetrator of all the sufferings of the poor has been found, personified by the evils of capitalism. From that point on, the integral trade unionism, as a bearer of a new morality, became the new ‘self-sufficient kingdom of God’ (Talmon 456), whose destine is seen by Sorel ‘to enthrone a new civilization on the ruins of the decaying bourgeoisie. From here to hailing Mussolini as ‘a man no less extraordinary than Lenin’ (Talmon 451), Sorel has had a short way to go. Sorel’s roaming between Marx, trade unionism and fascism is easily explained, given his rejection of the very idea of any guidance, supervision or control, either from outside or from above; whi ch is considered to have prepared him to endorse Mussolini’s famous slogan: ‘Every system is an error, every theory is a prison’ (Talmon 467). This slogan appears to fully match Sorel’s ever seeking (though most of the time on mistaken or strange grounds) spirituality. 2. Both Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon long for revolution – Sartre to see his country, France, destroyed, Fanon to see former French colonies liberated. Which of the two seems to want to be destroyed along with the establishment he resists? Why the one and not the other? The preface to Fanon’s book, The Wretched of the Earth, written by Jean-Paul Sartre, delivers a shocking message to the reader, as it comes from a thinker whose outlook on the then world realities and his nature (or posture) of a politically engaged intellectual indicate an emphasis on the humanist values and

Over population Essay Example for Free

Over population Essay â€Å"Whether we accept it or not, this will likely be the century that determines what the optimal human population is for our planet. It will come about in one of two ways: Either we decide to manage our own numbers, to avoid a collision of every line on civilization’s graph – or nature will do it for us, in the form of famines, thirst, climate chaos, crashing ecosystems, opportunistic disease and wars over dwindling resources that finally cut us down to size† – Alan Weisman A striking quote, if I may say so myself. It embraces and implies in one whole thought the problem of a majority of the countries all over the world are currently facing, the same problem our country has; overpopulation. First and foremost, what exactly does the term â€Å"overpopulation† mean? What does it refer to? Can it be stereotyped as something bad or is it actually a good thing? Arbitrarily speaking, like all other things, overpopulation has its pros and cons. According to the Merriam-webster dictionary overpopulation is â€Å"the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life or a population crash† whereas according to Wikipedia, â€Å"overpopulation occurs when a population of species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. It is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources such as, the water and essential nutrients they need to survive which can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. † Note that the prefix over applied to other word case scenarios indicate more than desirable, this may also be applied to the word overpopulation. According to Casey B. Mulligan’s article, â€Å"The More the Merrier: Population Growth Promotes Innovation† she focuses on the conclusion that population growth should not be controlled in order to combat global warming, and other world problems since other economists ignore the significant economic benefits of large populations thus implicating that overpopulation is not a burden for a country but more or less an advantage. She justifies her point by quoting the director general of UNICEF, â€Å"Family planning could bring more benefits to more people at less cost than any other single technology now available to the human race† which strongly accentuates her belief that the larger the population, the more viable advantages it brings. One of the benefits of reduced population, it is claimed, is reduced carbon emissions and therefore mitigation of climate change. This statement takes technology for granted, yet technology itself depends on population. The more people on earth, the greater the chance that one of them has an idea of how to improve alternative energy or how to mitigate the climate effects of carbon emissions. It takes only one person to have an idea that can benefit many which focuses on appeal for innovation but this may only happen when the people in said community are encouraged to become responsible and productive. Many scientists agree that the human population is quickly reaching the point at which the planet will be unable to sustain it. This growth has placed a huge strain on the planets finite resources and done serious economic damage to nations all over the world, but some people, aside from Casey B. Mulligan, believe that there are a few advantages to having an ever-growing worldwide population. Among the other advantages or benefits of overpopulation is (1) increased labour forces resulting to increase in produced goods and services thus providing an economic boost, (2) more minds or ideas that will generate greater technologies in the future and (3) increased military might. But, are these advantages enough to encourage overpopulation to just continue as it is now? There are a lot of questions and controversies linked to the fast growing issues about the population with both the Catholic Church and our government officials going on about the pros and cons we now face because of ever growing population. Recently, news about the RH Bill created a public uproar but what exactly is the RH Bill all about? The Reproductive Health bill, popularly known as the RH bill, aims to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care with a goal to help people prepare and widen up each and every individual’s mind setting about our society in all its modernized glory. There has been a debate on its proposal that we, as taxpayers, along with various private sectors will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as birth control pills and IUDs which the Catholic Church strongly opposes against usage since it goes against the unwritten law of life. Hence, usage of these controversial pills is considered an immoral crime. Whereas, the Government reasons that the Philippines is in dire need of this bill since overpopulation is unhealthy for a country like ours. Overpopulation manifests growth. Growth may either be good or bad but for a majority of the public, growth in terms of the human population, is bad. People have been brainwashed into believing that all growth, unless it pertains to cancer, is unquestionably a good thing. But let’s really dwell and think about this cautiously. Would we want our population to grow until people standing in a mall end up shoulder to shoulder? Would you want that? I wouldn’t want that! That itself is an indication that we’ve recognized that the population growth must stop at some point, and not just slow down, either. Though most scientists and researchers argue that global warming is the big thing to worry about, they have completely neglected the root cause. At this point in time, it doesn’t even matter if humans are responsible for global warming even if we are so clearly the cause of the events unfolding right now. Too many mouths to feed and less natural resources on hand can have a devastating effect on the economy. Our country faces the problem of overpopulation and we are subject to disadvantages such as (1) more mouths to feed, (2) lowered standard of living, (3) increased problems pertaining to poverty, (4) overcrowded public areas, (5) sickness and spreading of diseases, (6) insufficient natural resources to provide adequate goods and services, (7) inadequate facilities such as housing, medical etc. Problem of starvation and malnourished population, (9) education facilities may not meet the requirements of the entire population, (10) unemployment, (11) higher crime rate due to unequal distribution of wealth and insufficient financial resources, (12) environmental pollution, trees are felled to make space for housing facilities, (13) agricultural production is insufficient to meet the requirements of the entire population, which results in higher prices, (14) money is diverted to ensure that the population is fed, rather than carrying out fundamental research, (15) lower life expectancy, (16) large number of people live in unhygienic conditions, (18) heightened birth rate and so much more. The list goes on! All the world leaders are concerned about how to feed, clothe, and supply water and energy to the growing multitudes but all these efforts will prove futile if world population continues to grow. We live on a finite planet. Growth will simply overwhelm the attempted remedies. The effects have been stated but what exactly are the causes of overpopulation? Some of the causes of overpopulation are as follows: Decline in death rate: the fall in death rates that is also known as decline in mortality rate is one of the fundamental causes of overpopulation. Owing to the advancements in medicine, man has found cures to the previously fatal diseases. This has resulted in an increase in population. Rise in birth rate: thanks to the new discoveries in nutritional science, we have been able to bring in increase in the fertility rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the reproductive rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments which help in terms of conception. Thus, science in one way or another has led to an increase in birth rate. Migration: Immigration is a problem in some parts of the world. If the inhabitants of various countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is bound to suffer from the ill effects of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country, overpopulation is therefore present creating an imbalance in the density of the population. Lack of education: illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation emits. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate areas of the world which constitutes as a major factor leading to overpopulation. So, does our planet benefit from overpopulation or does it cause more harm than it does good? Once again, we are left to contemplate and ponder whether overpopulation can be considered a plausible advantage or a disadvantage. Taking into careful consideration the growth of the population in the Philippines which is expected to reach a hundred million this year putting a strain on the country’s resources, the Commission on Population (Pop-Com) said. â€Å"Definitely in the third or fourth quarter of this year, we will be more than 100 million,† Pop-Com executive director Juan Antonio Perez III told The STAR in a recent interview. In 2014, the National Statistical Coordination Board estimated the country’s population to be around 97. 35 million. Studies show that over a period of time, the increase of population slowly increases but in the span of 30 years, we could probably hit over a billion in number. And if that isn’t alarming, I don’t know what is! Viewing the issue of increasing population optimistically, one may say that overpopulation means the increase in human resources. This may be true but we cannot ignore the fact that the increase in the number of producers implies an increase in the number of consumers. Greater number of people requires a greater number of resources which our nation is not capable of providing at the very moment. The Philippines as slow progressing country must acknowledge that the Earth has finite resources. Our current population increases and economic growth mentality bear all the hallmarks of a country still locked into colonial thinking. Population and personal consumption are two sides of the same coin. The logical conclusion is that we can’t keep consuming these resources indefinitely, either through increasing per capita consumption or the number of us consuming. And yet, how we balance two options remains a subject of contention. This is where consumption and sustainability play a role. The population issue is fraught with moral positions, confusion and unexpected connections. We cannot talk about population growth without also discussing decline; or immigration, without climate and business; or contraception, without faith and medical technology. It is the mother of cross-cutting issues – at the intersection of economics, environment, gender roles, culture, politics and religion. The population question is about the possibility and necessity of balancing the needs of nature and human civilization and this must take place as soon as possible before what we dread happens, depletion and insufficiency of our environmental resources. The worst enemy of life is too much life, the excess of human life. But think again will life kill life or we just need to think how life can help other life even in the edge of overpopulation. You cannot stop overpopulation you need to maintain it or accept it make it an advantage even everybody thinks it is a disadvantage, nobody really know what overpopulation can bring let just help each other to make this overpopulation an advantage.

Roles Of Armed Forces In Disaster Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Roles Of Armed Forces In Disaster Management Environmental Sciences Essay 1. Disasters are of various types caused by natural phenomena as well as compounded by human error. Natural disaster may be of various type such as earthquakes, cyclone, tornado, flood etc. and other events such as drought, crops failure, etc. whereas man made disasters may include radiation accidents, gas leakage accidents bomb explosion, war time rioting, firing etc. Natural Disasters are unlike anything else in human experience. These are largely beyond control of human being resulting quick changes in the lives of the victims. On the other hand, the cost of man made disaster like war is borne by the entire population. The socio-economic consequences of all these disasters have always been highly alarming and devastating. 2. Many countries of the world are frequently struck by adverse natural calamities. The magnitude and severity of such disasters are be alarming. The loss of life, damage to property and stripping off the resources are common features. However, the topology of natural disasters is multiple, based on meteorological, topographical and geological conditions such as cyclones, floods, earthquake etc. and its effects also vary from country to country. 3. Like many countries of the world, natural disasters are very common in Bangladesh, because of its geographical, atmospheric, environmental and fast changing ecological reasons. Bangladesh may be described as one of the most disaster prone countries of the world. Almost every year she experiences one or the other type of disaster. The most common disasters that generally occur in Bangladesh are floods, cyclone, storm surge, tornado, norwester, drought, earthquake etc. Bangladesh is a developing country having one of the lowest per capita income in the world, cannot afford to have a big standing organization with equipment exclusively to meet the requirements of pre, during and post disaster activities. 4. The contribution which the armed forces can make in dealing with such disaster need not be over emphasized. This contribution has usually been made under some form of official arrangement for aid to civil power, as laid down in the standing operating procedures.Experience has shown that military forces are fully effective in counter-disaster role. The flexible organizational structure, capability of sustained operation in all weathers by day and night and well trained management system of the armed forces make them particularly well-suited for effective disaster relief operations. In addition, many of their normal activities parallel to those in public emergency services. Thus armed forces can offer assistance to the victims with invaluable support in engineering, communications, transport, rescue, emergency medical services, field sanitation, water supply and so on. 5. Therefore, whenever Bangladesh faces any natural disaster it becomes imperative for the Armed Forces to respond quickly with its own management, communications and administrative machineries to assist the Civil authorities to provide humanitarian relief to prevent further loss of lives and property. In this paper an attempt will be made to identify the types of different natural disasters and the role of the Armed Forces in handling them, effects of disaster in general those of the new disaster threats and Disaster management system in other countries The study is confined to the natural disasters that commonly occur in Bangladesh and its handling by the armed forces. It is assumed that the definition of disaster, its pattern and nature, the principle causes are well-known to the reader and therefore, not discussed here. The paper is laid out in the following order : a. Types of disaster; and its Effect on Bangladesh. b. Nature of Military Assistance and the capabilities of the Armed Forces to combat the Disaster. c. Existing Disaster Management System in Bangladesh. d. Contribution of the Armed Forces in Disaster Management- a Historical Review. e. Disaster Management System in other Countries. f. Future Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management. AIM 6. The aim of this paper is to analyse disaster management in general and recommend measures/systems for disaster preparedness and mitigation in Bangladesh by the Armed Forces. TYPES OF DISASTER, AND ITS EFFECTS ON BANGLADESH. 7. General. Disaster includes such events produced by a variety of natural and manmade destructive agents, including earthquake, volcanic eruption, tropical cyclone, flood, landslide, drought, epidemic, fires and war time bombing attacks. According to Kates (1980) roughly 90 percent of the worlds disaster are due to four hazard types. a. Floods (40 percent) b. Tropical Cyclone (20 percent) c. Drought (15 percent) d. Earth Quakes (15 percent) 8. Types of Disaster. Except earthquakes (Though the country experienced a mild trauma in 1988) other three hazards are common in Bangladesh. The most common disasters for which the Armed Forces may be employed in aid of civil power are. a. Natural Disasters. (1) Flood. (2) Tropical cyclone (typhoon). (3) Earthquake. (4) Landslide. (5) Epidemic. (6) Drought. (7) Famine. (8) Storm surge. b. Man made or Artificial Disasters. (1) Major Accidents. (2) Civil Unrest. (3) Man made floods. 9. The New Disaster Threats. The new disaster threat which has developed since World War-II besides the traditional disaster threat need to be considered and dealt with as a challenge with more effectively . The new disaster threats, may cause endless sufferings win far-ranging effects, and at the same time be difficult to counter. Some of these kinds of disasters are listed below : a. Social Violence. Social Violence like hijacking, terrorism, communal riots, civil unrest and conflicts with conventional arms affect many nations. The Armed Forces can help the government remove such social violence. b. Hazardous Material. Hazardous materials or substances can be as new disaster threat. The tragedy of Bhupal in India in 1985 ranks paramount in this category, with its estimated toll of 2500 killed and 100,000 affected in various ways. c. Atomic and Nuclear Threat. The explosion in 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Russia highlighted the extent and severity of this problem. Radio active effects from the disaster area were measured as far way as 1600 miles and more. Even if country was not directly involved in nuclear conflicts or terrorism, it could well suffer severely from the radio active side-effects. 10. General Effects of Disaster. The causes of disaster may be varied, the major effects of disaster tend to be : a. Loss of Life. b. Injury. c. Damage to and destruction of property and nationalInfrastructure. d. Damage to and destruction of subsistence and cash- crops. e. Disruption of production, life style and essential services. f. Loss of livelihood. g. Destabilization of National Economic Development. h. Sociological and physiological after effects. j. Political Instability. k. Crisis related to national security. 11. Effect of Major types of Disaster in Bangladesh. The effect of major types of disasters are given at Annex `A. 12. Impacts on Macro-Economic Adjustment of govt. The impacts of the natural Disasters on macro-economic adjustment are: a. Impact on central govt revenue. b. Impact on availability of Extra-budgetary resources. c. Impact on central govt development budget. d. Impact on foreign aid and over all growth. NATURE OF MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND THE CAPABILITY OF ARMED FORCES TO COMBAT THE DISASTER. 13. Military Assistance. The nature and extent of military assistance in disaster will depend on the combination of the forces prevailing in the country. Following assistance may be rendered by the Armed Forces to fight disaster. a. Air, land and sea survey and assessment, specially to ascertain levels of casualties and damage. b. Reconnaissance in the disaster zone and identification of routes within and leading towards it. c. Organized and mobile manpower for rescue operation. d. Well trained and equipped Engineers. e. Signal / communication units to provide emergency radio and telephone links. f. Supply / Logistic units to handle, store and transport goods and people over all types of roads. g. Emergency / Immediate medical support to the civilian services. h. Helicopters and aircrafts for reconnaissance and transport duties. j. Provision, by Naval forces, of transport support in harbour; also electrical power, mechanical engineering, water purification, long distance radio communication, cooking and backing facilities. 14. Capabilities of the Armed Forces to Combat Disaster. The well planned organization and management system of the Armed Forces make them capable to effectively handle, manage and tackle natural calamities and disasters under any serious condition. The members of the Armed Forces are selected personnel, disciplined and are well trained in leadership qualities. They are great organizers of any given task with honesty, sincerity, co-operation, discipline and above all patriotism. They can handle and manage any catastrophe with success. 15. Armed Forces have specialized training institutions to impart training to their members on various fields. They have expert hands such as doctors, engineers and other professionals to meet the differents need . These experts become extremely necessary to meet any emergency and for conducting relief and rehabilitation work. The role of the Armed Forces in various disaster management fields is briefly narrated below : a. Rescue Operation. The Armed Forces are quite capable of rescuing water bound people from flood affected areas using different kinds of water transport and also helicopter. b. Relief and Rehabilitation Work. Members of the Armed Forces with their better mobility can reach at every corner of the country rapidly to start relief and rehabilitation work in disaster and crisis ridden areas. c. Medical and Sanitation Services. Members of Army Medical Corps immediately start providing all kinds of emergency and general medical services including vaccines and setting up of sanitation facilities through active participation , wherever possible of the affected people. d. Supply of Pure Drinking Water. The Armed Forces are assigned the task of ensuring the supply of through water bowsers/trailers. Besides, they also assist in sinking tube-well for this purpose. e. Repair and Maintenance of Communication. Restoration of normal communication becomes a very important task of the Armed Forces in flood affected and cyclone hit areas. They also perform this important task in areas where sabotage or subversive activities are carried out. Members of the Signal Corps undertake this responsibility and urgently rebuild the communication system. The Crops of Engineers of the Armed Forces undertake emergency repair and reconstruction work of the roads and bridges damaged by flood, tidal bore and help restore effective and workable communication system. f. Provision of shelter. Armed Forces also in sometimes participate of construction of shelters in areas severely hit by natural disaster. Mostly this is done through the active participation of the affected people. g. Transportation of Relief Materials. Armed Forces render great help in transporting relief materials to the affected areas. For this purpose, they quickly use their different kinds of transport vehicles. h. Loading Unloading of Food Grain Relief Materials. Armed forces may be employed for loading and unloading and guarding of food grains and relief materials in sea-port and different river ports. EXISTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH 16. General. Disaster relief and its managements is one of the prime national responsibilities. The Bangladesh Government Bangladesh has outlined the duties and responsibilities of the various Governmental institutions and of different ministries, including the Armed Forces in two Standing Operating Procedures (SOP). These SOPs are : a. Emergency standing orders for flood. b. Standing order for cyclone. 17. Based on these two SOPs Armed Forces have formulated their own SOPs up to unit level. SOP at all level has clearly spelt out the detail tasks with regard to pre, during and post disaster activities. More so, when a disaster is anticipated, selected military units and personnel with vehicles, transport aircrafts, helicopters, naval vessels and other water crafts remain in complete readiness to take part for immediate rescue and relief operations. 18. Existing System. Armed Forces play a pivotal role in complementing Government effort to restore normalcy in disaster affected areas. The system which are followed in disaster management is briefly stated below : a. Preparedness to Face Calamities. Natural calamities like cyclone and flood are recurring phenomenon Bangladesh but In recent times the intensity and magnitude of these natural calamities have given rise to the need for organizing the whole nation in preventing, fighting and understanding this calamities. b. Organizations Dealing with Preparedness. Government (govt) of Bangladesh has formed various committees/ bodies/cells at the national level to advise the government as to how to be prepared for facing natural calamities and to execute the Government decision and action programmes to fight the disasters. These committees have specific tasks and mission during a disaster period. The committees/cells are : (1) National Disaster Prevention The policy making Council. body. (2) National Co-ordination The co-ordinating Committee. body. (3) Disaster Management and The operation Relief Activities Co-ordination Group. and Monitoring Cell. (4) Prime Ministers Relief Go-down. 19. Armed Forces in Disaster Management. Armed Forces Division (AFD) is the highest Military Organization in Bangladesh. Disaster Management and Relief Activities Co-ordination cell operates at the Prime Ministers Office with support from Armed Forces Division. The cell functions under the directive of the Honorable Prime Minister. Principal Staff Officer of the Armed Forces Division acts as the Chief Co-ordinator of all relief and rehabilitation activities through this cell. All the three services, ie Army, Navy and Air Force are ordered by this Division prior to an anticipated disaster. 20. Co-ordination and Monitoring Cell. In the event of post disaster management, day to day operation coordinated by a cell within the Prime Ministers office under the Principal Staff Officer (PSO). This is commonly known as Disaster Management and Relief Activities Coordination and Monitoring Cell, more widely known as the PSOs Cell. The functions of the Cell are : a. Collection and compilation of damage assessments. b. Assessment of relief requirements. c. Management of Prime Ministers Relief Fund and related Storage facilities. d. Receipt, storage and distribution of locally and foreign donated relief supplies. e. Coordination of air supply drops. f. Coordination of transport. g. Public relations including briefing of the media and donors. 21. In the aftermath of any disaster, the Cell functions round the clock. The tasks that military personnel are to undertake in an emergency period are : a. Evacuation. b. Rapid damage assessments (specially logistic support to mixed assessment teams). c. Search and rescue. d. First aid/medical treatment. e. Handling of relief. f. Logistical support (land, sea and air) for the delivery of relief goods. g. Placing of relief storage and distribution. h. Clearance of debris. j. Emergency repairs. k. Burial of human bodies and animal carcasses. l. Setting up/ restoration of Telecommunications. m. Provision of Temporary shelters. CONTRIBUTION OF THE ARMED FORCES IN HANDLING DISASTERS A HISTORICAL REVIEW 22. Armed Forces of Bangladesh traditionally have an additional role to meet any sort of national emergency. For any severe disaster Armed Forces is called for providing necessary emergency support and assistance. Besides this, on humanitarian ground an organized force feels obliged to participate in alleviating human sufferings. In recent past during the severe disasters military organization worked side by side with Civil Administration. This remarkable contribution of the Armed Forces as explained below has earned the confidence and respect of the people. a. Cyclone of 1985 and 1988 and Great Cyclone of 1991. It is well remembered that on 25 May 1985 the ferocious cyclone accompanied by tidal waves devastated Urirchar and badly affected Swandip and Hatia. On 29 November, 1988 another devastating cyclone rolled over Bagerhat, Satkhira, Khulna and Sundarban areas. The cyclone that crossed the Bangladesh coast on 29-30 April 1991 can only be described as a Great Cyclone. All these cyclones caused indescribable damage to the lives, livestock, crops and properties of the affected areas. The destruction of property caused by 1991 cyclone alone was estimated to be about $4 billion (US). The cyclone that affected Bangladesh since 1960 are shown at Annex `B and the official statistics of 1991 cyclone are shown at Annex`C. b. Immediately after the cyclone warning orders were issued by the Govt to all the services Headquarters, to undertake anticipated relief and rescue operations, Armed Forces provided the following support during the cyclone. (1) The Armed Forces Quickly mobilized troops and moved them to the cyclone affected areas by the Naval vessels, boats, other available Water crafts along with the relief goods, medicine, drinking water etc. (2) Rescued the affected persons/families. (3) They helped sinking tube-wells and re-excavated ponds for pure water where necessary. (4) A good number of small medical team with life saving drug deployed in affected areas to treat the injured persons. (5) They established radio communication between the affected areas and concerned headquarters. (6) They prepared temporary shelters. (7) They rendered assistance in restoring the public services. (8) Army engineers with the assistance of Roads and Highway and Railway authorities repaired bridges and culverts as well as roads within the shortest possible time. (9) Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) employed substantial number of its air assets for dropping food into the cyclone affected areas. They also evacuated serious patients to the base hospital. (10) Bangladesh Navy was mainly deployed in Chittagong and Khulna area. Its sailors had been worked day and night to provide emergency assistance to relief/ reconstruction operations. 23. Flood of 1987 and 1988. The floods of 1987 and 1988, that which inundated about 39.9% and 67% of the land area respectively were also unprecedented in the history of Bangladesh. The entire international community was not sure how Bangladesh will over come this disaster. But by the grace of Almighty, the Govt, could tackle the situation within very short period of time in an organized manner. The military organization earned confidence nationally and internationally. Total 350 camps were established to carry out relief activities. Official estimates of loses and damage by floods in 1987 and 1988 are shown at annex D. and major floods in Bangladesh since 1954 are shown at annex E . DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN OTHER COUNTRIES 24. General. Most of the countries of the world are facing disaster in some form or other but the type and magnitude differ from country to country. Each country has a National level disaster plan in which there is provision for military assistance. Organization and the procedure of handling disaster of some of the countries are discussed below : 25. Australia. a. Types of Disaster. Cyclone is a common natural disaster in Australia. The cyclone season extends from November to April. The two major cyclones are TRACY which devastated Darwin on Christmas Day of 1974 and the TRIXIE that devastated western Australia in February 1975. Australia did suffer from floods normally caused by cyclonic rain falls. b. Organization. The Federal Civil Defence Authority under Department of Defence is the central authority to coordinate relief activities. Each state and community has its own local Counter Disaster Organization. The Defence Forces of Australia have their own role to play in disaster management. They coordinate with all levels of disaster activities i.e. the National Level, the state and community level and the Local level. In the local level the chief Executive officer (CEO) may be the local Chief of the Police. c. Disaster Planning Group (DGP). Besides, the DGP is to provide policy guidance for the CEO in planning disaster counter measures and during the conduct of disaster relief operations. The DPG consists of representatives from the following : (1) Police. (2) The local State or Territory Emergency Service Organization. (3) The major Medical/Hospital facility. (4) Local government. (5) The communications/telecommunications authority. (6) The major non govt welfare Organization. (7) Others in accordance with any priority local need. d. The Emergency Committee. The CEO is the chairman of the committee, consists of the leaders of all local organizations, including the Police. e. Defence Forces. When Defence Force units assist in counter disaster operations, a Defence Force liaison officer is to be attached to the CEO during the period of operations. All matters relating to the allocated Defence Force elements or resources can then be channelled through this officer. 26. Malaysia. a. The Types of Disasters. Malaysia experiences flood almost every year.17 The major causes for this are constant and heavy rainfall, erosion and siltation of river beds. b. National Security Council. National Security Council (NSS) It is primarily responsible for disaster management. At the national level it is the NSC that decides on the policy and conducts relief operations. They have the National Disaster plan and a Disaster Organization at all levels to mobilize and coordinate all activities connected with disaster. The plan also includes the participation of the Armed Forces. The use of military in National Disasters is within the scope of the Malaysian Armed Forces. This is one of their defined rolls. The major operational control machineries of the Relief operational plan includes: (1) National Security Council (NSC). (2) National Flood Relief Committee (NFRC). (3) Working committee for supplies. (4) Working committee for transport and communication. (5) National Security Council Flood Relief Operation Centre. (6) Defence Operation Room. (7) State Flood Relief Coordination Control Centre. (8) District Flood Relief Coordination Control Centre. All these committees and centres include all three services of Armed Forces i.e. Army, Navy, and Air forces. Philippines 27. Types of Disasters. Typhoons-high winds, storm surges, landslides and floods are the major disasters in Philippines. 28. Organization. The national govt is responsible for disaster operations. The main body in charge of mitigating the impact of natural disaster is the National Disaster coordinating council (NDCC). The secretary of Defence convenes the council with the representatives of govt. the office of the president, the Armed Forces and the phillipine National Red cross (NRC). The role of the philippines Armed Forces is to establish communication links and make this available for disaster operations, to assist in reconstruction of damage rods/ bridges and to assist in providing transportation for relief and evacuation. 29. Analysis. From the above discussions, It may also be observed that in almost every country of the world Armed Forces, form the core of different national disaster management bodies and in any catastrophic, all these bodies work shoulder to shoulder. In the light of their experience following suggestions can be made for Bangladesh for effective National disaster management. a. Bangladesh may also form a body like one of those countries. In such effort our Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation may be placed under Prime Ministers Secretariat as a Division. This will enhance the coordination capability of the proposed division to effectively handle the crisis arising out of disaster. b. In case of Australia they have a National policy making body on disaster management. Their main job is policy formulation for better disaster management and help the Govt. This can be very much practicable in case of Bangladesh. Noted Scientists, intellectuals and peoples representation from all walks of life can formulate better policy for ensuring peoples participation at all levels. c. As Armed Forces are often called for disaster management, standing cell may be formed in every service so that they can distribute the work in advance, train and motivate the forces under their command to ensure quick response and rapid deployment to the disaster affected areas. 30. Problems being faced during the Management of Disaster. Disaster management is the national responsibility. But to combat the it effectively all social agencies and establishments should work unitedly. Whenever Bangladesh faces any natural disaster the Armed Forces is called to fight the disaster. However, Armed Forces work under many constraints like shortage of officers and other skilled personnel, fixed and rotary wing aircraft, naval vessels, equipment etc. It is also not possible to solve and overcome this problem within short time. Even then these constraints/limitations, Armed Forces shall have to work with dedication and in full cooperation with the civil administration. However, there are some constraints which are forced particularly during day to day operation at the time of actual disaster management. These constraints if not addressed in time many greatly affect the disaster management operation and thereby reduce the capability of the organizations/ agencies includi ng the Armed Forced. a. Inter Agency/ Departmental Statuesque. Some times over conscious official with regard to his rank, status or title stand in the way of effective cooperation and thereby delays the progress of crisis management. b. Personal rather than Collective Concern. Individual attitude of thinking may not be the same. But in Case of disaster management which works on group decision imposition of individual decision can delay the attainment of common goal. c. Absence of Common Forum. In our country, there is not much opportunity to exchange views among parties involved. Meeting common forum generate mutual understanding and strengthen cooperation. d. Lack of Communication between Two Parties. Lack of proper and effective communication between two parties creates a gap which decreases the effectiveness of co-operation and after creates confusion. e. Lack of Co-ordination. Sometimes the work of different parties are not well Co-ordinated. Co-ordination is essential for any type of joint venture to avoid mismanagement or disorder. Without proper coordination, any good venture or attempt may turn into an utter failure. f. Confusion about Jurisdiction of Work. In all situations, the role of each party should be clearly defined. Interference to other partys role is harmful. It destroys the congenial atmosphere. g. Lack of Mutual Respect. In most cases officers of civil and military administration suffer from ego-centric complexities. These create rigidity and hinder smooth functioning. 31. Ways to Overcome the Problems. To overcome these problems few suggestions are discussed below : a. Mutual Respect. All civil agencies and military administration must have respect for each other. In practical field it is often deliberately over-looked. Mutual respect ensures effective co-ordination and success in a given task. b. Sense of Duties and Responsibilities. Both civil and military administration must be aware about their own duty and responsibility. This is a pre-condition for any successful disaster management. c. Sense of Team work. Civil and military administrations should jointly work for all nation of peoples sufferings. They are complementary to each other. If anybody considers otherwise, then it will create undesirable situation. d. Avoid Rumour. Rumour may create misunderstanding between civil and military administrations. Direct communication diminishes the danger of rumour. e. Proper Communication and Co-ordination. Communication gap between civil and military administrations often crops up during crisis management. Proper and timely communication between each other help achieve the goal. f. Sense of patriotism. Both civil and military administrations must work together to achieve common goal ie to serve the nation. Deviation from this goal meets with failure. FUTURE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT 32. RATIONALE. Since disasters such as cyclones, tornadoes, tidal surge, etc. are sudden, severe and overwhelming in nature, an organized and trained institution with the necessary manpower, materials and other logistic supports are required to respond to crises and prevent further human suffering. The Armed Forces being the only institution with all the necessary requirements may fulfill this role. On the basis of this rationale, the following organizations may be set up.The organogram is at annex G. 33. National Disaster Management Council . This would be the highest level decision and policy making body related to natural disaster management in Bangladesh which will be acted upon by National Emergency Response Committee (NERC). The Prime Minister (PM) will be the chair person of this council with following members. a. Key Ministers of. (1) Home Affairs. (2) Relief and Rehabilitation. (3) Information. (4) Cabinet Affairs. (5) Foreign Affairs. (6) Finance. (7) Communication. b. Chiefs of the Three Services. c. Principal Staff Officer of AFD. 34. National Emergency Response Committee (NERC). NERC may be consisted of the following members : a. PSO as Chief coordinator. b. Secretaries of Following Ministries. (1) Relief and Rehabilitation. (2) Home Affairs. (3) Information. (4) Communication. (5) Cabinet Division. (6) Director General Metrology office (Weather Forecasting). c. Director General, NGO Affairs Bureau. d. Task. (1) To report to the Pri